Statement of Philosophy
In preparing individuals to develop their fullest potential for living in the society of today and tomorrow, the Board of Education and the staff of the school district:
- Recognize their responsibility to help meet the physical, intellectual and emotional needs of the children; particularly the need to inquire, learn, think, and create; to establish aesthetic, moral and ethical values; and to relate satisfactorily to others in social situations involving family, work, government and recreation.
- Accept primary responsibility for giving students a mastery of the basic skills of learning, thinking and problem-solving; teaching them to use the various media of self-expression; instilling in them knowledge of the social and natural sciences; acquainting them with the richness of our heritage; and stimulating them in productive work in various areas of human endeavor.
- Acknowledge the importance of their supplemental role to the home and other social agencies in developing habits and attitudes which make for effective personal living, the maintenance of optimum physical and mental health, and the establishment of sound moral, ethical, and aesthetic values.
Realizing that education as here defined is a lifelong process, the school system seeks to orient its graduates toward various types of post-secondary education and further formal training and to provide educational opportunities particularly suited to the needs of adults, both as individuals and citizens in an ever evolving world.
Guidance
Counseling is the primary service of guidance and it rests upon the foundation of the student-counselor relationship. In this relationship, the student is encouraged to freely express his or her thoughts and feelings and, where necessary, to gather information and examine alternative plans before acting. Ultimately, the goals of counseling are to help students gain a better, more positive sense of themselves while assuming a greater responsibility for making plans and decisions in their lives.
As the Counselor works to better know his/her students, information is gathered about students from grades, standardized tests, information forms as well as direct contact with students. Where necessary, conferences with parents, teachers and students will take place. The primary focus is to help students and their parents better understand personal, academic and vocational needs and goals.
Using our locally developed counseling plan for grades 6-12, the school counselor works with students and their parents to better understand:
● How interests, aptitudes and abilities work together.
● Opportunities for post-high school education and career planning.
● The college admission process, including selection and application,
financial aid and scholarship process.
Your counselor is available to answer your questions and ease your concerns about your personal life or your studies at Seward and to assist you in making plans for the future. The Guidance Office is a rich source of information on every aspect of career opportunities, college information, news of scholarships and financial aid as well as pertinent test dates (PSAT, SAT, ACT, AP Exams, etc.).
It should also be noted that the classroom teacher is also an integral part of any work that the school counselor does with a student. The counselor relies heavily on teachers to provide insights and information about the individual student.
Definitions
The terms defined here are used in various parts of this manual. It would be helpful to read them before examining the manual and refer to them for better understanding.
Prerequisites: Subjects that are required as background for some advanced subjects, example: Integrated Algebra must be completed before taking Geometry.
Elective: A subject that may be chosen by a pupil in addition to required courses.
Unit of study: At least 180 minutes of instruction per week throughout the school year, or the equivalent.
Unit of credit: Earned by the mastery of the learning outcomes set forth in a New York State or locally developed syllabus for a given high school subject, after a student has had the opportunity to complete a unit of study in the given subject area.
Half unit of credit: Credit given for successful completion of a high school subject taken four or five periods a week for one half year, or every other day for an entire school year.
Regents examinations: State achievement tests based upon syllabus prescribed by the NYS Department of Education.
Occupational education: All programs of instruction in agriculture; business, including marketing; home economics; health occupations; technical education; technology education/industrial arts; and trade education.
Regents class: Any class that concludes with a Regents exam.
Local class: Any class that concludes with a local exam.
Community College in the High School (CCHS): Courses are offered here at Seward via SUNY Orange. Students can earn collegiate credit. Tuition and fees apply.
College Experience Program: Enables Seward students to attend college classes at local colleges, such as SUNY Orange.
Syracuse University Project Advance (SUPA): Courses are offered here at Seward via Syracuse University. Students can earn collegiate credit. Tuition and fees apply.
Graduation Requirements
Regents Diploma
Required Courses: Credits
- English: 4
- Social Studies: 4
- Math: 3 (see footnote a)
- Science: 3 (see footnote a)
- Foreign Language: 1
- The Arts: 1 (see footnote c)
- Health: 0.5
- Physical Education: 2
- Electives: 3.5
Total 22
Traditional Path Required Exams (Passing score of 65 and above)
- Common Core Algebra
- Common Core English
- Global History Regents
- Science Regents
- U. S. History Regents
Advanced Regents Diploma
Required Courses: Credits
- English: 4
- Social Studies: 4
- Math: 3 (see footnote a)
- Science: 3 (see footnote a)
- Foreign Language (see footnote b)
- The Arts: 1 (see footnote c)
- Health: 0.5
- Physical Education: 2
- Electives: 4.5 (see footnote b)
Total 22
Traditional Path Required Exams (Passing score of 65 and above)
- Algebra, Geometry and
- Algebra II (3 exams)
- Common Core English
- Global History Regents
- Two Science Regents
- U. S. History Regents
Footnotes:
a. If available, a commencement-level course in technology education may be used as the third unit of credit in science or mathematics, but not both.
b. To earn the advanced designation, the student must complete one of the following:
- A language other than English (total of 3 credits).
- Career and technology education (5 credits), plus one credit in a foreign language.
- The Arts (5 credits) plus one credit in foreign language.
c. The Arts include dance, music, theater and visual arts.
Pathway Assessment Options
All students must pass the following 4 required Regents exams or a corresponding Department approved alternative examination:
- 1 Math Regents exam
- 1 Science Regents exam
- 1 Social Studies Regents exam
- the English Language Arts Regents exam.
In addition, all students must choose 1 of the following assessments:
- Additional Math Regents exam in a different course or Department Approved Alternative; or
- Additional Science Regents exam in a different course or Department Approved Alternative; or
- Additional Social Studies Regents exam in a different course or Department Approved Alternative; or
- Additional English assessment in a different course selected from the Department Approved Alternative list; or
- An approved CTE Assessment after successfully completing an approved CTE program;
- A Department Approved pathway assessment in the Arts;
-
A Department Approved pathway assessment in a Language other than English (LOTE).
* The safety net is in place for qualified students. A local diploma option will be available for select students through an appeals process and the Special Education Department.
*As the New York State Department of Education adopts new policies, graduation requirements may change in future years.
Promotion Policy
Minimum Requirements
(Students may take between 5 and 9 credits each year)
FRESHMAN (9th Grade)
Must have completed at least four (4) units of study from Middle School from the following core subjects:
- English
- Social Studies
- Mathematics
- Science, or
- Language other than English.
SOPHOMORE (10th Grade)
Must have accumulated at least five (5) High School credits including:
- one (1) credit of English,
- one (1) credit of Social Studies, and
- successfully completed one year of Physical Education.
The remaining two (2) credits may be taken from:
- Mathematics,
- Science,
- Occupational Education,
- Art and/or Music, or
- Language other than English.
JUNIOR (11th Grade)
Must have accumulated at least ten (10) credits including:
- two (2) credits of English,
- two (2) credits of Social Studies, and
- one (1) credit of Physical Education.
The remaining five (5) credits may be taken from:
- Mathematics,
- Science,
- Occupational Education, Art and/or Music,
- Language other than English, etc.
In addition, the student must be able to fulfill all requirements for graduation, including sequences in two years.
SENIOR (12th Grade)
Must have accumulated at least sixteen (16) credits including:
- three(3) credits of English,
- three (3) credits of Social Studies,
- one (1) credit of Mathematics,
- one(1) credit of Science, and
- one and one-half (1½) credits of Physical Education.
The remaining five and one-half (5½) credits may be taken from:
- Mathematics,
- Science,
- Occupational Education,
- Art and/or Music, Language other than English etc.
In addition, the student must be able to fulfill all requirements for graduation including sequences, in one school year.
Special programs of study, which do not conform to the above outline, must be approved and constructed cooperatively with the School Counselor and the Principal. Any course required for graduation must be repeated if failed. Students are required to pass sequential courses before being allowed to enroll in the next level.
General Programming Policies
Schedule Changes/Course Withdrawal
While the Guidance Department can foresee no reason for a program change once the program has been approved by the parent/guardian and the school, requests for changes made by the parent stating specific reasons for the change will be reviewed by the School Counselor and, if necessary, by the administration. This can only be done during the first two weeks after the course begins.
Rules Governing Programming
- All students in the senior high school are required to maintain five credits including physical education during the school year.
- STUDENTS MUST BE ENROLLED IN REQUIRED MATH AND SCIENCE COURSES UNTIL THEY HAVE FULFILLED GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS IN THOSE SUBJECTS.
- Seniors may be exempt from the local final examination in a course if their class average is 90% or more and they have their teacher’s approval.
- In order for a student to take a new subject in summer school, the request must be in writing; signed by the student, the parent, and the School Counselor and addressed to the Principal. Requests will be reviewed individually.
- Students who opt to take a full schedule without a lunch period may do so only with written parental approval.
- If a student repeats a course in summer school, both grades will appear on the transcript.
- Student enrollment in an elective course is predicated on sufficient interest.
Grading and Senior Class Rank
Weighting of Grades
Whereas it is the goal of the Florida Union Free School District to develop students of strong intellect and independence, the following policy that relates to the grading practices employed by our teaching faculty shall be in effect:
1. The following system will be adhered to in relation to the weighting of courses for the calculation of grades as reported to students:
- College Courses 1.10
- Honors Courses (if offered) 1.05
- Regents and All Others 1.00
2. The following classes shall be weighted by a factor of 1.05 upon successfully passing the course and the required Regents/final examination. This shall take effect for the 2009-2010 school year and thereafter:
- Chemistry
- Physics
- Algebra II
- Spanish 4
- HS Pre-Calculus
- HS Calculus
The Quarterly Grades, Year-to-Date Average, and Final Grade which appear on the report card will be un-weighted calculations.
Grading Policy
1. Final and Regents examinations shall be counted toward the final class average as follows:
- 20% for the 2008-2009 school year and every year thereafter.
In courses that do not end in a Regents examination, a locally developed and rigorous final examination will be administered and counted as stated above. If the student fails to take the required final exam, a score of zero will be entered and counted toward the computation of the final average.
In certain circumstances, the Principal will have the discretion to review final exam scores to determine their validity and reliability.
2. A uniform grading policy of 80% / 20% will guide teacher practice in computing student grades:
- 80% of the marking period average will be derived from in-class work, such as quizzes, tests and projects.
- 20% of the marking period grade will be comprised of homework and effort.
Additionally, the marking period average must be based upon a minimum of ten assignments and grades.
Senior Class Rank
Senior class rank is computed at the end of the junior year and at the end of the seventh semester. The seventh semester ranking is the official ranking for the graduating class.
All credit-bearing courses, with the exception of Physical Education, are used in calculating the grade point average. Students who transfer into S. S. Seward for senior year will not be included in class rank.
Students who graduate early shall be ranked with the graduating class for class ranking purposes
Honors
Honor Roll
To achieve High Honor Roll and Honor Roll status, the following conditions must be met:
- High Honor Roll: Overall average of at least 90%, no grade lower than a 75%
- Honor Roll: Overall average of at least 85% to 89.9%, no grade lower than a 75%
Regents Diploma With Advanced Designation With Honors
To earn this diploma, a student shall achieve an average of 90% in all Regents examinations required for the diploma.
Regents Diploma With Advanced Designation With Annotation Of Mastery In Mathematics And/Or Science
Students who complete all coursework and testing requirements for the Regents Diploma with Advanced Designation in Mathematics and/or Science, and who pass, with a score of 85 or better, three commencement level Regents examinations in mathematics and/or three commencement level Regents examinations in science, will earn a Regents Diploma with advanced designation, with an annotation on the diploma that denotes mastery in mathematics and/or science, as applicable.
Regents Endorsed Diploma With Honors
A Regents Endorsed Diploma with Honors is awarded at graduation to those seniors who receive an average of 90% in the following examinations:
- Comprehensive English
- Global Studies
- United States History and Government
- Science
- Mathematics
National Honor Society
The National Honor Society is a highly regarded organization at S. S. Seward Institute. According to mandates from the national organization, the Seward chapter strictly adheres to the following regulations:
1. The NHS fosters the formation of the FACULTY COUNCIL. The S. S. Seward Principal appoints faculty members to this council, who may hold the position for one or more consecutive terms. The function of this council is to select members and also to consider non-selection, warnings and dismissals. Of significant importance in the functioning of the council is the selection procedure.
2. All candidates must achieve a cumulative academic average of 92% for consideration by the committee. They must embody the pillars of the NHS Charter: character, leadership, scholarship and service.
3. Induction will be in the Fall.
4. Details concerning the induction process can be accessed via the chapter advisor.
Any questions about the above items should be addressed to your building principal, school counselor or the faculty advisor.
College Programs
College Experience Program
The College in High School Program offered at S. S. Seward provides an opportunity for a junior or senior to take college level classes at a local college. To be eligible for this program, the student must:
- Maintain an overall academic average of 85%
- Receive approval from a member of the Seward faculty that teaches the subject that corresponds to the college course that the student wishes to attend.
- Submit a written request from the student and parent/guardian. This proposal must be made to the Guidance Office no later than four weeks prior to registration of the college course.
- File College Experience applications with the College through the Guidance Office.
- Assume responsibility for transportation and payment of tuition to attend the college course. Written permission for a student to use their personal vehicle must be submitted to the Guidance Office before registration for the college course.
Syracuse University Project Advance (SUPA)
Qualified juniors and seniors can receive college credit in various courses offered in conjunction with Syracuse University’s Project Advance Program. College tuition, books and fees are the responsibility of the student.
Community College in the High School Program (CCHS)
S. S. Seward, in collaboration with SUNY Orange, offers a select group of courses in English, Mathematics, United States History, Government and Science for college credit. Approved college credit bearing courses available at S. S. Seward are provided in the course selection guide. These courses are offered to juniors and seniors who meet specific eligibility requirements and are based on student requests. College tuition, books and fees are the responsibility of the student.
English Language Arts
Students are required to complete four credits of study.
Students are provided exposure to a wide variety of literature in order to expand their reading interests. They are made aware of the universals of literature, and that all short stories, plays, narrative poems and novels have the same elements of character, plot, setting, conflict and theme. Students will express their interpretation of these elements both orally and in written form in each work with which they interact.
A summary of courses offered appears below, with specific course descriptions in the pages that follow.
Course / Grade / Credit / Weight / Classification / Special Note
English 9 / 9 / 1.0 / 1.0 / Regents
English 9 Honors / 9 / 1.0 /1.05 / Regents / Must be selected for class
English 10 / 10 / 1.0 /1.0 / Regents
English 10 Honors / 10 / 1.0 / 1.05 / Regents / Must be selected for class
English 11 / 11 / 1.0 / 1.0 / Regents / Regents Exam
English 11 Honors / 11 / 1.0 / 1.05 / Regents / Must be selected for class
English 12 / 12 / 1.0 / 1.0 / Regents
Freshman English I / 12 / 3.0 / 1.1 / CCHS / Meets required 4th credit
Freshman English II / 12 / 3.0 / 1.1 / CCHS / Meets required 4th credit
Drama / 9-12 / 0.5 / 0.5 per semester / Elective
Writing Seminar I & II / 9-12 /0.5 per semester / Elective
Journalism / 10-12 / 1.0 / 1.0 / Elective
Public Speaking / 9-12 / 0.5 per semester / Elective
Film and Literature / 10-12 /0.5 per semester / Elective
Famous Trials in Literature / 10-12 / 0.5 per semester / Elective
Yearbook / 9-12 / 1.0 / 1.0 / Elective
For more information about the Advanced Placement and Community College in the High School program, click here. CCHS classes require tuition, books and fees paid by student.
ELA Course Descriptions
English Grade 9
1 creditThe general objective of the ninth grade curriculum is to build skills which will provide the framework for the reading, and writing experiences. Writing exercises include the narrative composition, the essay, descriptive writing and poetry. The skill stress is on paragraph building, the grammar of the sentence, and applying basic skills such as capitalization, punctuation and correct usage. Structured spelling and vocabulary units are presented in weekly sequence. Students review and build upon research paper skills. Classic works include Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet. Novels may include: To Kill a Mockingbird, The Boy in the Striped Pajamas, The Outsiders and selected essays.
English Honors 9
1 creditThe focus of the Honors English Curriculum is to offer students a challenging academic course of study to prepare them for meeting the rigorous college and career requirements they will encounter. Writing assignments include the narrative, contrast/compare, descriptive, and persuasive rhetorical modes of writing. Students will also be required to give project-based oral presentations that use technology to enrich their arguments. In addition, structured vocabulary units are completed by students. Classic works of literature as well as prose (professional essays and journalism) are used as both models and as subjects for essays. Classic works of literature include Romeo and Juliet, To Kill a Mockingbird, Speak, The Outsiders, and The Boy in the Striped Pajamas
English Grade 10
1 creditIn the tenth grade, the focus of writing is on a variety of styles and techniques. Students begin to develop their own styles while looking for new ways to communicate their ideas. Different styles of poetry are covered ranging from such beloved poets as Robert Frost, William Carlos Williams, Dylan Thomas, Walt Whitman, and Sylvia Plath. More time is dedicated to both reading, grammar, and polishing of communication skills through literary essays. Students may also work on a cross-curricular research project. Students learn how to conduct research via databases. They demonstrate their understanding of the material through different methods which include, but are not limited to, digital media, public speaking, model creations, etc.
A Shakespearean work such as The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, gives a political perspective as well as an emotional one. Novels may include: Night, Ender’s Game, The Odyssey, and/or Lord of the Flies.
English Honors 10
1 creditIn the tenth grade, the focus of writing is on a variety of styles and techniques. Students begin to develop their own styles while looking for new ways to communicate their ideas. Different styles of poetry are covered ranging from such beloved poets as Robert Frost, William Carlos Williams, Dylan Thomas, Walt Whitman, and Sylvia Plath. More time is dedicated to both reading, grammar, and polishing of communication skills through literary essays. A Shakespearean work such as The Tragedy of Othello, The Moor of Venice, gives a political perspective as well as an emotional one.
Students read additional, preselected literary works outside of class for which relevant, corresponding projects/assignments are completed. Novels may include, but are not limited to, Of Mice and Men, Night, Metamorphosis, and/or The Odyssey. They work in literature circles to foster positive, intellectual discussion amongst peers. Students may also work on a cross-curricular research project. Students learn how to conduct research via databases. They demonstrate their understanding of the material through different methods which include, but are not limited to digital media, public speaking, model creations, etc.
English Grade 11
1 creditEnglish 11 is a continuation of the language arts sequence of instruction based on the New York State Language Arts Standards. Students will spend large quantities of time writing for a variety of purposes including, but not limited to: narrative, descriptive, expository, argumentative, creative, and persuasive. Students will use the writing process in an environment involving writing, conferring, revising, and editing. Students will research and prepare a variety of papers, essays, group projects, and classroom presentations. Students will also spend large quantities of time reading a variety of works of literature, encompassing fiction, non-fiction, drama, and poetry. They are expected to read regularly, participate actively and frequently in class discussions, and hand in work on time. Additionally, attention is given to preparation for the PSAT, SAT, ACT, and the NYS English Regents Exam. All juniors must take and pass the NYS ELA Regents Exam in order to graduate.
English Honors 11
1 creditEnglish 11 is a continuation of the language arts sequence of instruction based on the Next Generation ELA Learning Standards. Students will spend time writing for a variety of purposes including, but not limited to: narrative, descriptive, expository, argumentative, creative, and persuasive. Students will use the writing process in an environment involving writing, conferring, revising, and editing. Students will research and prepare papers, essays, projects, and classroom presentations. Students will also read a variety of works of literature, encompassing fiction, non-fiction, drama, and poetry. They are expected to read regularly, participate actively and frequently in class discussions, and hand in work on time. Additionally, attention is given to preparation for the NYS English Regents Exam. All juniors must take and pass the NYS ELA Regents Exam in order to graduate.
This course is a survey of literature with a concentration in skills and practices that will enable students to be ready for career, college, and life. Students will study literature from different sources and genres as well as a play from Shakespeare’s canon. Close reading and well-developed writing are key; special attention will be paid to claims and evidence. Students will practice the steps involved in the writing process in order to arrive at a finished product, which will prepare them for all types of real-life writing needs as well as for the English Regents exam, which is a K-11 assessment that they need to pass in order to graduate. Literary analysis at the Honors level delves more deeply than at the English 11 level and is intended to prepare students for Freshman English I and II, which are college-level classes offered for students who score at the mastery level (85%) both in the class and on the Regents exam. Literary selections include, but are not limited to, the following: Fahrenheit 451, The Great Gatsby, McDougal- Littell Anthology, Fences, The Red Badge of Courage, Moby Dick, Macbeth, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, The Scarlet Letter, Catch-22, Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, Hiroshima, Never Cry Wolf, Catcher in the Rye, Song of Solomon, A Separate Peace, Different Seasons, The Things They Carried, The Handmaid’s Tale, Ernest Hemingway’s Short Stories, Louise Erdrich’s Short Stories, Sherman Alexie’s Short Stories, James Joyce’s Short Stories, Tim O’Brien’s Short Stories, and John Steinbeck’s Short Stories.
English Grade 12
1 creditThis course examines literature with an emphasis on analyzing novels, full-length plays, poetry, and short stories. In-depth analysis of techniques in writing literary essays is included. Critical thinking is emphasized in relation to speaking, listening and writing. Students examine the various forms of persuasive writing and debate and apply that knowledge to various formats.
Emphasis is placed on a variety of literature and multicultural literature. Literary selections include: Shakespearean play – The Tragedy of Othello, The Moor of Venice and modern literature such as A Raisin in the Sun, Unbroken, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, etc.
Freshman English I
3 creditsThe first course in the Freshman English sequence of SUNY Orange’s Community College in the High School Program for high-achieving juniors and seniors introduces college-level writing and revision, construction of expository essays, and research skills. Reading as well as class discussion center on the formal and informal essay. Research essay is required. Students must have a cumulative GPA of 85 in English 11 and ALL Regents courses. They must also have a minimum grade of 85 on the English Regents to be eligible for this course.
Freshman English II
3 creditsIn this second course in the sequence, students learn to read critically, to organize supporting details, and to develop coherent oral and written arguments. Fiction, drama and poetry are used as common texts. An analytical research paper is required.
Drama
Grades 9 – 12
½ creditThis course is designed to introduce students to all aspects of drama from acting to stage production to drama as literature. Students learn basic acting techniques from mime to improvisation to character development. Techniques for stage production, such as lighting, set instruction and costuming are examined. In addition, numerous one-act and full-length plays are read and discussed from the viewpoint both of actor and writer. Students are encouraged to participate in school productions, either as actors or technicians.
Writing Seminar I & II
Grades 9 – 12
½ creditEach semester this course will provide students with the opportunity to improve all aspects of their writing in a workshop atmosphere. Emphasis will be placed on writing as a process. Each student will develop a portfolio of his or her writing, which will include the student’s analysis of his or her own writing and the writing of other students.
Journalism
Grades 10 – 12
1 creditIn this course, students will have the opportunity to explore the world of journalism in all respects: investigating, writing and reporting news stories; editing news stories for publication and techniques of publication. Differences between print, radio and telecommunications and their impact on journalism will also be examined.
Public Speaking
Grades 9 – 12
½ creditIn this course, students will learn and practice all aspects of speaking in public, from writing introductions and speeches to making presentations for the public. Both writing and performing skills will be covered.
Film in Literature
Grades 10 – 12
½ creditStudents will use film and literature to build upon their writing and critical thinking skills. Students will write analytical essays and participate in class discussions with the purpose of exploring literary principles as they apply to film and literature.
Famous Trials in Literature
Grades 10 – 12
½ creditFamous Trials in Literature builds upon the skills developed in the Film and Literature course and adds the component of legal conflict and the other trials of the human spirit. Students will use the materials presented in the class to build upon their critical thinking, reading and writing skills.
Yearbook Class
Grades 10 – 12
1 creditThis course will encompass a wide variety of practical communication skills with writing and research providing the basic foundation. The course will run much like a professional publication. Teamwork and professionalism will be stressed as well as the ability to adhere to deadlines. Students will learn and apply basic photojournalism techniques. They will be responsible for developing and writing captions and stories for all events, teams, and issues that affect the students and their community. Students will also be required to work in teams to sell advertising, complete thematic layouts, and create plans of action for all aspects of creating the yearbook.
SAT Prep Class
Grades 10 – 12
½ creditStudents in grades 10-12 may enroll in an SAT Prep Class. This is a full year course that prepares students for the May administration of the SAT examination. This course has fees that are the responsibility of the student, and students may earn one credit
Social Studies
The goal of the Social Studies department is to educate students as informed citizens in a democratic society, help them function in a market economy, increase their understanding of the role of the United States in a global society, and to prepare them for further education or job training. These goals will be achieved through the successful completion of a variety of courses.
Summary of courses offered appears below, with specific course descriptions in the pages that follow.
Course / Grade / Credit / Weight / Classification / Special Note
Global History / 9 / 9 / 1.0 / 1.0 / Regents
Global History 9 Honors / 9 / 1.0 / 1.05 / Regents / Must be selected for class
Global History 10 / 10 / 1.0 / 1.0 / Regents / Regents examination
Global History 10 Honors / 10 / 1.0 / 1.05 / Regents / Must be selected for class
U.S. History & Government / 11 / 1.0 / 1.0 / Regents / Regents examination
History 107: Diversity and Inclusion / 11, 12 / 3.0 / 1.1 /CCHS / CCHS, *** Tuition $72.00 per credit
U.S. History To 1865* / 11 / 3.0 / 1.1 / CCHS / CCHS, prerequisites
U.S. History Since 1865* / 11 / 3.0 / 1.1 / CCHS / CCHS, prerequisites
U.S. Government – National** / 12 / 3.0 / 1.1 / CCHS / CCHS, prerequisites
Macro-economics** / 12 / 3.0 / 1.1 / SUPA / SUPA, prerequisites
Participation in American Gov’t / 12 / 0.5 / 1.0 / Required
Economics / 12 / 0.5 / 1.0 / Required
For more information about the Advanced Placement and Community College in the High School program, click here. CCHS classes require tuition, books and fees paid by student.
* Meets State requirements for 11th grade social studies requirement.
** Meets State requirements for 12th grade social studies requirement
Social Studies Course Descriptions
Global History 9
Grade 9
1 creditThis full year course will focus on World History from the development of early river valley civilizations up to the political, economic, social and intellectual upheavals of the eighteenth century. The course concludes with a district final examination.
Global History 9 Honors
Grade 9
1 CreditSimilar in content and skills development to Global History and Geography I, this course will consider more topics in depth and provide opportunities for researching additional topics beyond required ones. The materials and assignments are more rigorous than the Regents level course. Cross cultural connections between Western and the non-Western worlds will be emphasized as part of the New York State standards of geography, history, economics and government. Students will analyze and evaluate historical documents, and will write descriptive and comparative essays on turning points in world history. The course concludes with a district final examination.
Global History 10*
Grade 10
1 creditThis one-year course chronologically traces World History from the political, economic and social upheaval of the 18th century and traces development to the present day. Stress will be given to the understanding of the key forces of nationalism, imperialism and industrialization and how they helped to mold the modern world we live in. The course concludes with the Regents examination in Global History and Geography.
Global History 10 Honors*
Grade 10
1 creditThis course will consider more topics in depth and provide opportunities for researching additional topics beyond those required. Students will analyze and evaluate historical documents, and will write descriptive and comparative essays on turning points in world history. The course concludes with the Regents examination in Global History and Geography.
*Note: NYSED is shifting the focus of the Regents examination in Global History and Geography to that of enduring themes. These themes include, but are not limited to: political, economic, social and religious themes of the world, outside the United States.
U. S. History and Government
Grade 11
1 creditThis course examines United States History, stressing conceptual understandings of main themes, or factors that combined to form the modern American society. Emphasis is placed on: constitutional law and the evaluation and use of the United States legal system, the operation of the United States and state governments under the constitution, the practice of politics, the role of immigration in the development of the United States, the Puritanical history of New England on American cultures, the development of American Foreign Policy, the evolution of civil rights from slavery to the present day, the economic basis of American society, and current issues. The course culminates in the New York State Regents examination in U. S. History and Government.
History 107: Diversity and Inclusion – The American Experience
Grades 11-12
3 credits
Tuition $72.00 per credit (subject to change)This course utilizes experiences to the social history of diversity and inclusion in the United States. It provides students with a deeper understanding of the historical, political, cultural, and theoretical bases of diversity, inclusion, and exclusion. It also challenges students to consider US history from the perspective of groups traditionally excluded, marginalized, or written out of the American narrative, while recognizing those forces who have worked to foster inclusion.
U. S. History To 1865
Grade 11
3 creditsPrerequisites:
- Either a grade of 85% or higher on the NYS Regents Examination in Global History or
- A combination of a class average of 85% or higher in the Global History course and a grade of 80% or better on the NYS Regents Examination in Global History or
- The recommendation of the course teacher or the Principal for the student’s provisional placement in the course.
This course is a study of the political, intellectual, economic and cultural developments of the United States from earliest colonial settlements to the Civil War. Topics include the Puritan mind, regional cultural patterns, the evolution of constitutional law and the struggle for independence, the Hamiltonian and Jeffersonian perspectives, expansion, slavery, and the Civil War. High levels of analytical thinking and excellent writing skills are essential.
U. S. History Since 1865
Grade 11
3 creditsPrerequisites:
- A passing score of “C” in US History To 1865, or
- The recommendation of the teacher or the Principal for the provisional placement of the student in the class.
This course surveys the Reconstruction Era within the context of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments and their impacts and interpretations. An examination of the issues inherent in the change from an agrarian to an industrial society, the course focuses on dislocations in rural America, the rise of cities, immigration, and the labor movement. An assessment of twentieth century U.S. participation in world events, and the balance of power between the superpowers and Third World nations are included.
Macro-Economics
Grade 12
3 creditsPrerequisites:
- A course average of 80% or higher in the most recent Math course completed by the student or
- The recommendation of the teacher or Principal for the student’s provisional placement in the class.
“Chocolate or vanilla?”, “Rent or buy?”, “Support a strong or weak dollar?” Our lives-from the micro and personal to the macro and political-are consumed by choices.
How and why we make choices-and the consequences of them-is the subject of Macro-Economics.
This course examines Western economic thought by starting with a one-person society and asks how this person makes choices, especially when other individuals are introduced and resources become scarce. Our journey leads us to the complex, industrialized society we live in today.
In Macro-Economics you will…
- Learn how micro and macro-economic theory affects our personal lives.
- Investigate the role governments play in creating and solving global economic challenges.
- Become a more engaged citizen by gaining a better understanding of financial policy.
US Government National
Grade 12
3 creditsPrerequisites:
- Either a grade of 85% or higher on the NYS Regents Examination in U.S. History and Government or
- A combination of a class average of 85% or higher in the U.S. History course and a grade of 80% or better on the NYS Regents Examination in U.S. History and Government or
- The recommendation of the course teacher or the Principal for the student’s provisional placement in the course
This course offers an introduction to political processes in nations other than the United States. The course uses the comparative method to analyze such topics as political culture, developed vs. developing nations, the organization of governments, political parties, and the operation of interest groups. Focus will include an analysis of industrialized democracies, former communist societies making monumental transitions to democracy and capitalism and developing political systems in the non-western and western world.
Participation in American Government
Grade 12
½ creditsThis course explores the principles of American Government and civic participation. Emphasis is placed on understanding important issues and policy making which leads to an appreciation of the practical operation of government.
Economics
Grade 12
½ creditsThe goal of this course is to provide students with a basic understanding of macro-economic concepts. Economic analysis and critical thinking skills are emphasized through the study of economic models and current economic problems.
Mathematics
Students are required to complete three credits of study, four credits are highly recommended for college admission.
The Mathematics Department encourages all students to pursue the study of mathematics throughout their school career so that their understanding and appreciation of the subject, in both its cultural and immediate aspects, can be raised to the highest level. Our program provides offerings that allow all students to realize a pace most suitable to their individual rates of learning. Mathematics courses should be selected according to interests and requirements determined by future educational needs or occupational plans.
Summary of courses offered appears below, with specific course descriptions in the pages that follow.
Course / Grade / Credit / Weight / Classification / Special Note
Algebra 9 / 1.0 / 1.0 / Regents / Regents
Geometry / 10 / 1.0 / 1.0 / Regents / Regents
Geometry Honors / 9-10 / 1.0 / 1.05 / Regents / Must be selected for class
Algebra II / 10-11 / 1.0 / 1.05 / Regents / Regents
College Algebra / 11-12 / 3.0 / 1.1 / CCHS / CCHS, prerequisites
College Trigonometry / 11-12 / 3.0 / 1.1 / CCHS / CCHS, prerequisites
Introduction to Statistics / 12 / 3.0 / 1.1 / CCHS / CCHS, prerequisites
Calculus I & II / 11-12 / 4.0 / 1.1 / CCHS / CCHS, prerequisites
Pre-calculus / 11-12 / 1.0 / 1.05/Elective
High School Calculus / 11-12 / 1.0 / 1.05 / Elective
Advanced Algebra with Financial Applications / 11-12 / 1.0 / 1.0 / Elective
For more information about the Advanced Placement and Community College in the High School program, please see page 12. CCHS classes require tuition, books and fees paid by student.
Mathematics Course Descriptions
Algebra
Grades 8-9
1 (one credit)This is the first mathematics course in the high school. The Common Core Algebra course set forth here is not the algebra of 30 years ago. The focal point of this course is the algebra content strand. Algebra provides tools and ways of thinking that are necessary for solving problems in a wide variety of disciplines, such as science, business, social sciences, fine arts, and technology. This course will assist students in developing skills and processes to be applied using a variety of techniques to successfully solve problems in a variety of settings. This course culminates in a Regents examination in Common Core Algebra.
Geometry
Grades 9-10
1 creditGeometry is intended to be the second course in mathematics for high school students. There is no other school mathematics course that offers students the opportunity to make conjectures about geometric situations and prove in a variety of ways, both formal and informal, that their conclusion follows logically from their hypothesis. This course is meant to employ an integrated approach to the study of geometric relationships. A major emphasis of this course is to allow students to investigate geometric situations. Properties of triangles, quadrilaterals and circles should receive particular attention. Geometry is meant to lead students to an understanding that reasoning and proof are fundamental aspects of mathematics and something that sets it apart from the other sciences. This course culminates with the Regents examination in Geometry. A separate section of this course may be available that culminates with a local exam. Students taking the non-regents course would qualify for the Regents Diploma only. Successful completion of one math Regents exam is required, for graduation.
Honors Geometry
Grade 9-10
1 creditThis course is the second course of a three year sequence in Mathematics. The curriculum is similar to that of Geometry, except that the practice problems and homework will be done on a higher level. The expectation of a math student in the honors program is to eventually reach AP Calculus or College Calculus in their senior year. This course culminates with the Regents examination in Geometry.
Algebra II
Grade 11-12
1 creditIn implementing the Algebra II process and content performance indicators, it is expected that students will identify and justify mathematical relationships, formally and informally. The intent of both the process and content performance indicators is to provide a variety of ways for students to acquire and demonstrate mathematical reasoning ability when solving problems. This is an upper level mathematics course for those students pursuing an Advanced Regents Diploma, and requires a Regents examination. A separate section of this course may be available that culminates with a local exam. Students taking the non-regents course would qualify for the Regents Diploma only.
College Algebra
Grade 11-12
3 creditsPrerequisites:
- CCHS Seniors – Cumulative GPA of 85 or higher in all Regents Courses and a minimum of 85 on the Algebra II Regents
- CCHS Juniors- Cumulative GPA of 90 or higher in all Regents Courses and a minimum of 90 on the Algebra II Regents
- The recommendation of the course teacher or the Principal for the student’s provisional placement in the course
College Algebra is the first of the two course pre-calculus sequence. It is a functional approach to algebra designed to provide (1) the necessary preparation for students who intend to study calculus or other specialized college mathematics courses, and (2) the opportunity for students in general education to investigate and understand the pre-calculus level of mathematics.
College Trigonometry
Grade 11-12
3 creditsPrerequisites:
- CCHS Seniors – Cumulative GPA of 85 or higher in all Regents Courses and a minimum of 85 on the Algebra II Regents
- CCHS Juniors- Cumulative GPA of 90 or higher in all Regents Courses and a minimum of 90 on the Algebra II Regents
- Successful completion of College Algebra
- The recommendation of the course teacher or the Principal for the student’s provisional placement in the course
College Trigonometry is the second course for students who plan to continue on toward the study of Calculus. Topics include trigonometric functions, graphing techniques, right triangle applications, trigonometric identities, inverse functions, oblique triangles, two-dimensional vectors and complex numbers in trigonometric form.
Introduction to Statistics
Grade 12
3 creditsPrerequisites:
- CCHS Seniors – Cumulative GPA of 85 or higher in all Regents Courses and a minimum of 85 on the Algebra II Regents
- CCHS Juniors – Cumulative GPA of 85 or higher in all Regents Courses and a minimum of 90 on the Algebra II Regents
- The recommendation of the course teacher or the Principal for the student’s provisional placement in the course
This course examines the general elements and principles of statistics used in the fields of education, consumerism, quality control, allied health, physical sciences and social science. The course is broken up into two parts: descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Topics include methods of summarizing and presenting data, measures of center, spread, and position; probability; binominal probability distribution; normal probability distribution; t-test chi-square tests; confidence intervals, hypothesis testing; and linear regression.
Pre-Calculus
Grades 11 – 12
1 creditThis course is a high-level continuation of Algebra II. Topics include Advanced Algebra, Trigonometry, Interpretation and construction of Function Graphs, Logarithms, Sequences, and Series. This course is designed to prepare the students for Calculus and will include basic Calculus concepts.
Calculus I
Grade 11-12
4 creditsPrerequisites:
- CCHS Seniors – Cumulative GPA of 85 or higher in all Regents Courses and a minimum of 85 on the Algebra II Regents
- CCHS Juniors- Cumulative GPA of 90 or higher in all Regents Courses and a minimum of 90 on the Algebra II Regents
- The recommendation of the course teacher or the Principal for the student’s provisional placement in the course
- Successful completion of College Algebra and College Trigonometry with a GPA of 85 or higher
Analytic geometry topics are introduced as needed to carry out the orderly development of calculus. Topics include algebraic functions and transformations, trigonometric functions and identities, limits, continuity, derivatives, implicit differentiation, related rate problems, Rolles’ Theorem and Mean Value Theorem, curve sketching (relative min/max, concavity, points of inflection, limits at infinity, horizontal asymptotes), applications of differentiation, differentials, antidifferentiation, the definite integral, sigma notation, and Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.
Calculus II
Grade 11-12
4 creditsPrerequisites:
- CCHS Seniors – Cumulative GPA of 85 or higher in all Regents Courses and a minimum of 85 on the Algebra 11 Regents
- CCHS Juniors- Cumulative GPA of 90 or higher in all Regents Courses and a minimum of 90 on the Algebra II Regents
- The recommendation of the course teacher or the Principal for the student’s provisional placement in the course
A continuation of calculus which builds on the basic concepts of derivatives and integration to include calculus of exponentials, logarithms, trigonometric functions, inverse trigonometric functions and hyperbolics, the area of a region between two curves, solids of revolution, application problems, integration, Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s Rule, L’Hopital’s Rule, Taylor and Maclurin polynomials, sequences and series, power series and conics and rotation formula.
High School Calculus
Grade 11 – 12
1 creditThis one year non-Regent’s course includes limits, differentiation, application of differentiation and basic integrals.
Advanced Algebra with Financial Applications
Grades 11 – 12
1 credit** This course can be counted as a third Math credit or Business credit
Advanced Algebra with Financial Applications is a college-preparatory course that will use sophisticated mathematics to give you the tools to become a financially responsible young adult. The course employs Algebra, Precalculus, Probability and Statistics, Calculus and Geometry to solve financial problems that occur in everyday life. Real-world problems in investing, credit, banking, auto insurance, mortgages, employment, income taxes, budgeting and planning for retirement are solved by applying the relevant mathematics. Field projects, computer spreadsheets, and graphing calculators are key components of the course
The course allows students to experience the interrelatedness of mathematical topics, find patterns, make conjectures, and extrapolate from known situations to unknown situations. The mathematics topics contained in this course are introduced, developed, and applied in an as-needed format in the financial settings covered. Students are encouraged to use a variety of problem-solving skills and strategies in real-world contexts, and to questions outcomes using mathematical analysis and data to support their findings. The course offers students multiple opportunities to use, construct, questions, model, and interpret financial situations through symbolic algebraic representations, graphical representations, geometric representations, and verbal representations. It provides students a motivating, young-adult centered financial context for understanding and applying the mathematics they are guaranteed to use in the future.
Science
Students are required to complete three credits of study, four credits are highly recommended for college admission.
The Science Department program provides a complete basic science core of study, including both the life and physical sciences for all students. The courses provide every student with the science background needed to understand and live in a modern and technological society. Advanced science courses provide students with the opportunity to satisfy college entrance requirements and individual pupil interests.
Summary of courses offered appears below, with specific course descriptions in the pages that follow.
Course / Grade / Credit / Weight / Classification / Special Note
The Living Environment – Biology / 9 / 1.0 / 1.0 / Regents / Regents examination
The Physical Setting – Earth Science / 10 / 1.0 / 1.0 / Regents / Regents examination
The Physical Setting – Chemistry / 10-12 / 1.0 / 1.05 / Regents / Regents examination
The Physical Setting – Physics / 11-12 / 1.0 / 1.05 / Regents / Regents examination
General Biology I & II / 11-12 / 4.0 / 1.1 / CCHS / CCHS, prerequisites, Tuition $72 per credit
General Chemistry I &II / 11-12 / 4.0 / 1.1 / CCHS / CCHS, prerequisites, Tuition $72 per credit
SUPA Forensics / 11-12 / 4.0 / 1.1 / SUPA / SUPA, prerequisites, Tuition $115 per credit
Environmental Science / 11-12 / 1.0 / 1.0 / Elective
Oceanography / 11-12 / 1.0 / 1.0 / Elective
Forensics/11-12/1.0/1.0/Elective
For more information about the Community College in the High School program, click here. CCHS classes require tuition, books and fees paid by student.
Science Course Descriptions
The Living Environment – Biology
Grade 9
1 creditThis course emphasizes the major concepts of biology. The subject matter is selected and organized to develop the conceptual approach to modern biology. Class and laboratory exercises are used to develop and understanding of the following topics: biochemistry, cellular respiration, photosynthesis, cellular and representative organism structure and function, reproduction, genetics, evolution and ecology. 1200 minutes of lab including a number of specific topics mandated by the state are required for admittance to the Living Environment Regents examination.
The Physical Setting – Earth Science
Grade 10
1 creditRegents Earth Science includes astronomy (study of space), meteorology (study of the atmosphere) and geology (study of the earth). Class and laboratory topics include maps, mapping, planets, celestial motions, heat, weather, rocks and minerals, erosion and plate tectonics. Emphasis is placed on the ability to interpret graphs and use given information to create original answers. A minimum of 1200 minutes of lab are required for admission to the Regents examination. In addition, a laboratory practical component is part of the final Regents examination.
The Physical Setting – Chemistry
Grades 10 – 12
1 creditRegents Chemistry is offered to students in grades 10 through 12 and provides an introduction to the theories and principles of Chemistry. Topics covered include atomic structure, the periodic table, chemical bonding, behavior of gases, mathematics of chemical equations, kinetics and equilibrium, acids and bases, electrochemistry and organic chemistry. This course requires a strong grasp of how to manipulate algebraic expressions. The material is approached from a theoretical perspective rather than the study of individual elements. A minimum of 1200 minutes of lab are required for admission to the Regents examination.
The Physical Setting – Physics
Grades 11 – 12
1 creditRegents Physics consists of 4 major topics: mechanics, energy, electricity and magnetism. Problem solving involving algebra, basic trigonometry, abstract thinking and the application of concepts to everyday physical events are a major focus of the course. Laboratory investigations will be conducted and reported on the topics discussed in class. A minimum of 1200 minutes of lab is required for admittance to the Regents examination.
General Biology I
Grade 11-12
4 credits – including lab
Tuition $72 per credit (Subject to change)Prerequisites:
- Successful completion of High School Chemistry or High School Physics
Topics include a study of the nature and scope of science in general and biological science in particular: the chemical and physical basis of life; the structures and functions of the cell with an emphasis on photosynthesis, respiration, functions of DNA, and the processes of mitosis and meiosis. The course concludes with the genetic and evolutionary consequences of meiosis and reproduction.
General Biology II
Grade 11-12
4 credits – including lab
Tuition $72 per credit (Subject to change)Prerequisites:
- Successful completion of High School Chemistry or High School Physics, and General Biology I
This course studies the plant and animal organism with an emphasis on the vertebrate animal and the flowering plant. Comparative systems are studied. The relationships between organisms and the environment are also covered.
General Chemistry I
Grade 11-12
4 credits
Tuition $72 per credit (Subject to change)Prerequisites:
- Successful completion of Regents Chemistry, with a suggested Regents score of 85 or higher
Chemistry 106 is a general chemistry course intended for students with an interest or background in science. Chemistry 106, General Chemistry I, presents lectures, demonstrations and recitations focused upon understanding the nature of elements and compounds, chemical reactions, stoichiometry, thermochemistry, the electronic structure of atoms, periodic properties, the nature of chemical bonds, molecular geometry, bonding theories, and the properties of gases. A general, basic understanding of math and algebra, including an understanding of decimals, exponents, logarithms, quadratics, and algebraic equations, is essential to success in this course (calculus is not required). You should not be taking remedial algebra concurrently with this course.
General Chemistry II
Grade 11-12
4 credits
Tuition $72 per credit (Subject to change)Prerequisites:
- Successful completion of General Chemistry I
This course builds upon on the fundamental chemical principles learned in the first semester course (CHE 106) and introduces chemical kinetics and thermodynamics, intermolecular forces, detailed chemical equilibria, modern materials, and introductory organic chemistry. A general, basic understanding of math and algebra, including an understanding of decimals, exponents, logarithms, quadratics, and algebraic equations, is essential to success in this course (calculus is not required). You should not be taking remedial algebra concurrently with this course.
SUPA Forensics: CHE 113
Grade 11-12
4 credits
Tuition $115 per credit (Subject to change)Prerequisites:
- Successful completion of Regents Chemistry
Forensics is focused upon the application of scientific methods and techniques to crime and law. Recent advances in scientific methods and principles have had an enormous impact upon science, law enforcement and the entire criminal justice system. In this course, scientific methods specifically relevant to crime detection and analysis will be presented. Emphasis is placed upon understanding the science underlying the techniques used in evaluating physical evidence. Topics included are blood analysis, organic and inorganic evidence analysis, fingerprints, hair analysis, DNA, drug chemistry, forensic medicine, forensic anthropology, toxicology, fiber comparisons, soil comparisons and fire and engineering investigations, among others. This is a college level course. Minimum averages, as stated by SSSI policy for honors and advanced courses, will be required to remain in the class.
Environmental Science
Grades 11 – 12
1 creditThis course is a science elective course for juniors and seniors. The first semester of this course of study is composed of an overview of topics related to ecology and human interaction with the environment. Class, lab, and fieldwork dealing with current environmental issues such as pollution, resource utilization, and ecology will be a mandatory requirement of the course. A term paper and final exam are requirements for the receipt of credit.
The second semester will focus on Forensic Science, the study of physical evidence left at the scene of a crime. Students will be involved in the collection of physical evidence from simulated crime scenes. Students will use standard scientific procedures and current techniques to analyze collected evidence. Emphasis is on the application of basic principles of biology, chemistry and physics to the study of forensics.
Oceanography
Grades 11 – 12
½ credit Oceanography I
½ credit Oceanography IIOceanography will cover the basic physical, geological, chemical, and biological aspects of the ocean. The major topics covered include: geomorphology of the ocean floor, marine sediments, oceanographic instrumentation, chemistry of sea water, the heat balance in the ocean, sea level changes, surface currents, deep water circulation, tides, beach and costal process, life in the sea, food cycles, deep scattering layers, and marine plants and animals.
Students will learn to appreciate the role of the ocean in human history; trace the development of oceanography, describe the scientific basis for the origin of the Earth’s oceans, explain the features of the sea floor using the Plate Tectonics theory; explain the physical and chemical properties of sea water and its implications, explain how the interaction between the atmosphere and ocean affects climate and weather, explain the cause of ocean currents, waves and tides and appreciate the role of technology in enhancing knowledge about the ocean.
Forensics
Grades 11-12
1 creditThe study of physical evidence left at the scene of a crime. Students will be involved in the collection of physical evidence from simulated crime scenes. Students will use standard scientific procedures and current techniques to analyze collected evidence. Emphasis is on the application of basic principles of biology, chemistry and physics to the study of forensics.
Physical Education
All students are required to participate in and pass physical education. All physical education classes are coeducational. Students must change their clothes in order to participate and receive any credit. Clothes such as sneakers, shorts, sweat pants, and T-shirts are acceptable. Any type of inappropriate clothing will not be accepted. Physical education classes meet every other day. All physical education classes provide knowledge, understanding, appreciation, skills, technique, and strategy for a wide variety of sports and activities. Students must successfully complete four years of physical education in order to graduate. There are NO waivers or exemptions for physical education. If a student has a medical note from a doctor, they (parent/student) are responsible for completing an alternative activity sheet to meet requirements. Forms are available through the main office or from physical education teachers. This alternate activity sheet must be completed and signed by an attending physician and returned to the student’s physical education teacher.
Physical Education Course Descriptions
Athletic Training – Elective
Grades 11 – 12
½ creditThis course provides an overview of the clinical and scientific fundamentals of athletic training. It covers the basic principles in prevention practices, injury recognition and evaluation, emergency care management and rehabilitation treatment of sports related injuries.
Sports Nutrition – Elective
Grades 11 – 12
½ creditSports nutrition teaches the elements of nutrition in relation to human energy requirements from rest to peak performance. The course covers the major nutrients, nutritional values of common foods, scientific basis for dietary planning and nutritional assessments relative to caloric intake and energy expenditure.
Lifespan Studies – Elective
Grades 9 – 12
1/2 creditPrerequisite:
- The successful completion of Home and Career Skills at the middle school level or prior permission from the teacher.
In this course (formerly known as Human Development) students will develop skills needed for understanding relationships across the lifespan. Students will learn an understanding of self, as well as dealing with change to cope with the challenges of living in today’s world. This course will help students explore career opportunities in this field and help them develop skills needed for employment. Students will be taught using a hands-on, experiential approach in a laboratory setting.
Health
The health education program provides opportunities for students to achieve the skills, knowledge, and attitudes that will allow for the attainment of an optimal quality of life. The main focus is the development and maintenance of the total well-being of a person. One-half credit is required for graduation.
Health Course Description
Health Education – Required
Grades 11 – 12
½ creditThis course covers heart disease, cancer, human sexuality, sexually transmitted disease, and prevention of birth defects, pregnancy and childbirth. Also covered are mental health issues including prevention, detection and treatment of mental illness. The development of positive interpersonal relationships, coping and problem solving are also included. One semester of health is required to fulfill graduation requirements.
Languages Other Than English
The main objective of foreign language study is to make our students aware of the world in which they live and of the diverse cultures, which exist outside of their own. In the global community of the 21st century, students must be linguistically and culturally equipped to communicate successfully both in a pluralistic American society and abroad. One credit in foreign language is necessary to meet graduation requirements. Refer to Advanced Regents requirements here.
Please note that additional languages may be offered via Distance Learning.
Languages Other Than English Course Descriptions
Spanish I
Grades 8 – 12
1 creditStudents develop the four types of skills in a foreign language: listening comprehension, speaking, reading, and writing. Students will practice basic speaking and writing skills through short dialogues and short paragraphs. Students will demonstrate a thorough knowledge of grammar and vocabulary through oral and written exercises in texts and workbooks. Students are questioned frequently to assure comprehension. Pronunciation is practiced daily during a conversation period. Culture is included throughout the year. Students will develop a good basic vocabulary, will correctly use verbs in the present tense, have daily strong pronunciation skills and will converse within these parameters.
Spanish II
Grades 9 – 12
1 creditA review of Spanish I start off the year. Students will be involved in “situational” conversations communicating in Spanish. They will continue to develop their skills through oral and written work concentrating on proper grammar and vocabulary usage. Students will continue to reinforce language communication in present tense while learning to use past tense.
Spanish III
Grades 10 – 12
1 creditPrerequisite: A passing grade of 70% in Spanish II
The third year of Spanish culminates with a locally developed examination. The listening comprehension and speaking skills are strengthened further as the comprehension and writing skills increase. Proper grammar and vocabulary usage will continue to be stressed.
Spanish IV
Grades 11 – 12
1 creditSpanish IV includes a thorough review of vocabulary and grammar acquired during the first three years of study as well as exposure to additional listening and reading topics, including business and other academic content. Students will speak and write about varied topics and use technology to thoroughly investigate the cultures of Spanish-speaking countries and produce multi-media projects. Students use Spanish for communication in the classroom with directions and information delivered in Spanish. Students work individually, in pairs and in small groups daily.
Spanish 201
Grade 12
3 creditsPrerequisite: Spanish IV and/or instructor placement
Study of the language through a continuation of audio-lingual learning, with emphasis on review of basic grammatical patterns, improvement of reading and writing skills. Reading exercises offer insights into Spanish and Spanish-American culture.
Spanish 202
Grade 12
3 creditsPrerequisite: Spanish 201
Emphasis is given to advanced grammatical patterns, such as the subjunctive mood and the passive voice. Conversation based on everyday vocabulary is encouraged to help students develop further their listening and speaking abilities.
Technology
Technology Education is a program of instruction designed to develop an understanding of systems in fields such as production, construction, energy and communications by emphasizing applied activities by working with tools, machines and devices used in the home and the work place. The focus of the program will be on promoting an understanding of the impact of technology on society, and developing the perception that people have both the capability and the responsibility to control technology.
Course offerings may change to reflect the ever changing technologies our students may use in the future.
Through hands-on activities, which stress the application of mathematical and scientific concepts, Technology Education can help to clarify and reinforce basic skills, and bridge the gap between theory and practice.
Technology Education Course Descriptions
Design and Drawing for Production
Grades 9 – 12
1 credit, 1 Art creditThis course emphasizes creative problem solving, designing, and technical drawing. Emphasis is based on the approach used in business and industry to develop new products. Students develop solutions that are researched, sketched, refined and rendered as technical drawings. Basic elements of design and the six basic areas of technical drawing are included.
Materials Processing I & II
Grades 9 – 12
½ creditThese courses provide a broad, generic view of the way raw materials are processed into useful products. Various methods of processing are explored; they include forming, separating, combining and conditioning. Students investigate these processing concepts through hands-on activities using a variety of materials.
Architectural Drawing
Grades 10 – 12
1 creditThis course is a study of design and drafting related to building construction. Topics include culture and history, tools and techniques, lettering and dimensioning, preparation of site, and the development of floor, elevation, section, and perspective drawings.
Technical Drawing
Grades 10 – 12
1 creditA continuation of Design and Drawing for Production, this course teaches more advanced concepts and principals of technical drawing. Topics include orthographic multi-view drawings, pictorial three-dimensional drawings, projection, size description, and pictorial representation. Also included are the techniques for developing drawing and the tools used to construct them.
Electricity/Electronics
Grades 11 – 12
1 creditThis course is a study in electrical theory, measurement and practical applications. Topics include electrical sources, circuits and power, magnetism and motors. Students will also be introduced to electronic theory, measurement and application. Topics will include electronic components, measuring instruments, semiconductors, integrated circuits, radio and television transmission and reception. Hands on activities will be used to further students’ understanding. Safety issues will be covered throughout the course.
Architecture & Construction
Grades 9 – 12
1 creditThis study will develop a foundation in architectural design and the construction practices needed and used when completing these works. Topics covered will include architectural history and theory, working drawing, prototyping, and model building. Our discussions will include social perception and environmental and economic factors that are the influences and consequences in the field of architecture (sustainability). Areas of study include: composition, historic preservation, specifications, methods and
materials of construction, mechanical and electrical systems, climate control, energy conservation, lighting, acoustics, and a survey of architectural literature.½ credit in Architecture & Construction I
Prerequisite:
- The successful completion of 1 credit or more in a design, technology, or engineering course (preferably CAD I and II) with a class average gpa of 70 or better at the high school level, OR the successful completion of Design & Technology and Design & Engineering at the middle school level with a class average gpa of 90 or better OR prior permission from the teacher.
½ credit in Architecture & Construction II
Prerequisite:
- The successful completion of Architecture & Construction I with a class average gpa of 70 or better OR prior permission from the teacher. This course will also require a student to successfully complete the OSHA 10 Safety Course.
Creative Problem Solving
Grades 11 – 12
1 creditThis study will develop a foundation in of technological solutions and their societal, economical, and environmental relationships. Through discussion and collaboration we will evaluate, develop, and formulate technical solutions of modern day local and global problems. Areas of study include: thinking, sketching, specifying, modeling, prototyping, critiquing, using visual language of principles and elements, design as process, design principles of structure, function, and development of design briefs as leadership tools as they apply to authentic problems.
Computer Aided Drafting
Grades 9 – 12
1 creditThis course is a study of computer aided design as a medium for communication, virtual object development, CNC construction, test, and analysis. Course content will include a contemporary systematic process for the development of 2D and 3D computer graphic representations to develop
and communicate ideas, objects, or systems. Instruction will address accepted standards and practice within the global society. Emphasis will be placed on skills developed through hands-on experience.Energy & Power
Grades 9 – 12
1 creditThrough sequence of Energy & Power, we will study of energy as a sustainable resource for technological systems found in a global society. The impacts of current and future energy consumption on the environment, climate and geo-political relations of society will be stressed. A heavy emphasis will be placed on the new and emerging technological advances of energy and its applications from a global perspective. Our activities will center upon research, analysis, experimentation, and the design and fabrication of scale models and mockups to authentically demonstrate generation, application and conservation of energy.
1/2 Credit in Energy
Prerequisite:
- The successful completion of Design & Technology & Design & Engineering with a class average gpa of 70 or better at the middle school level or prior permission from the teacher.
1/2 Credit in Power
Prerequisite:
- The successful completion of Energy I with a class average gpa of 70 or better or prior permission from the teacher.
Manufacturing & Production
Grades 10 – 12
1 creditWorking in teams, you will integrate and employ knowledge and skills developed in previous courses as they learn and apply product design, material processing, managerial and organizational principles and functions to the creation and mass production of a product and the operation of a manufacturing enterprise. Students also develop resource materials for teaching manufacturing/production concepts.
½ credit in Production
Prerequisite:
- The successful completion of 1 credit or more in a design, technology, or engineering course with a class average gpa of 70 or better at the high school level or prior permission from the teacher.
½ credit in Manufacturing
Prerequisite:
- The successful completion of Production with a class average gpa of 70 or better or prior permission from the teacher.
Principles of Engineering Course
Grades 9 – 12
1 creditThrough problems that engage and challenge, you explore a broad range of engineering topics, including mechanisms, the strength of structures and materials, and automation. You will develop skills in problem solving, research, and design while learning strategies for design process documentation, collaboration, and presentation.
½ credit in Principles of Engineering I
Prerequisite:
- The successful completion of Design & Technology & Design & Engineering at the middle school level with a class average gpa of 70 or better or prior permission from the teacher.
½ credit in Principles of Engineering II
Prerequisite:
- The successful completion Principles of Engineering I with a class average gpa of 70 or better or prior permission from the teacher.
Sustainability & Biomimicry
Grades 9 – 12
1 creditThrough this study, you will have the opportunity to identify, and encourage others to take steps required to achieve the S.S. Seward Institute’s goal of carbon neutrality, as well as to build leadership skills. Students in this course identify ways to reduce environmental impact, take steps toward living.
Biomimicry is about looking to nature for inspiration for new inventions and innovations. It’s not really technology or biology; it’s the technology of biology. Biomimicry is exploring the nature’s design to solve human wants and needs. This interactive course explores understanding and developing a practice in biomimicry. You will use a process of integrating principles and elements found in nature into our human design. Key concepts will include thinking in systems, designing in context, identify patterns, and reimagine the world around you. Sustainably, and put ideas into practice. We will examine the economic and political foundations of decision-making regarding environmental and sustainability issues.
½ credit in Sustainability
Prerequisite:
- The successful completion of Design & Technology and Design & Engineering at the middle school level with a class average gpa of 70 or better or prior permission from the teacher.
½ credit in Biomimicry
Prerequisite:
- The successful completion of Sustainability with a class average gpa of 70 or better or prior permission from the teacher.
Independent Study in Design, Technology, & Engineering
Grades 10 – 12
1 creditThis course is for the gifted student who has successfully completed Energy & Power, or Material Processing I & II, or Design Drawing for Production, or Technical Communication with a class average gpa of 85 or better or prior permission from the teacher. This is a highly specialized and individualized course for a student to explore an area of design, technology, and engineering in depth. Interested students must receive prior approval from the technology teacher and school counselor.
Prerequisite:
- The successful completion of 1 credit or more in a design, technology, or engineering course with a class average gpa of 70 or better at the high school level or prior permission from the teacher.
Notes:
- Students are required to dually enroll in this course sequence. However, the student will need to meet the prerequisites based on an entrance criteria or related coursework. Dual Enrollment does not guarantee acceptance to the subsequent course at a later time. Dual Enrollment students are eligible to opt out for the subsequent course. By opting out, student will receive .5 unit of credits. Dual Enrollment students are not eligible to participate in the subsequent course at a later year without instructor approval.
- Any 12th Grade Standing Student may participate in any Design, Technology, & Engineering course with an GPA of 80 or Higher in any previously taken High School Design, Technology, & Engineering course sequence.
*Prerequisite requirements may be waived on an individual basis based upon teacher recommendation, school counselor review and approval by the Principal.
Business
Career and Financial Management
Grades 10 – 12
1 creditThis course provides students with the opportunity to learn about the features of our economy, explore a variety of careers, learn the skills and competencies needed for success in the workplace and begin to become financially literate. CFM encourages students to look at ALL career possibilities and then investigate those that are best suited to their interests, abilities and strengths. Students will develop a career plan that will provide them with goals and objectives to continue education or enter the workforce. Each student will complete an employment portfolio of documents that provides them with the tools needed for a future career search.
Entrepreneurship
Grades 10 – 12
1 creditThis business course is designed to provide students with a basic foundation for starting and managing a small business. Content includes selected entrepreneurial skills as well as those necessary for management, merchandising and marketing functions inherent in the operation of a small business. Students successfully completing the course will have a solid foundation in concepts that may be utilized in starting a small business or entering employment immediately after high school.
Advanced Algebra with Financial Applications
Grades 11 – 12
1 credit** This course can be counted as a third Math credit or Business credit
Advanced Algebra with Financial Applications is a college-preparatory course that will use sophisticated mathematics to give you the tools to become a financially responsible young adult. The course employs Algebra, Precalculus, Probability and Statistics, Calculus and Geometry to solve financial problems that occur in everyday life. Real-world problems in investing, credit, banking, auto insurance, mortgages, employment, income taxes, budgeting and planning for retirement are solved by applying the relevant mathematics. Field projects, computer spreadsheets, and graphing calculators are key components of the course.
Sports and Entertainment Marketing
Grades 10 – 12
1 creditThis course is designed to introduce students to marketing principles as applied to the Entertainment and Sports areas. Students will see how this thriving industry is an important part of our culture and understand how each area impacts our society and individuals on a daily basis. Students will spend time working as a marketing specialist in a simulated sports business; there they will try out their skills and creativity marketing sports equipment.
Business Law
Grades 10 – 12
1 creditThis course is designed to teach students about citizenship and your legal rights as an individual. The class will focus on the legal issues relevant to student’s lives: justice, contracts, our criminal justice system, our court system and our freedoms. We will enjoy exploring many well known cases and explore the many career opportunities in this field. Practical application will take place through presentations, technology and video.
Internship
Grades 11 – 12
1 creditThis program is designed for juniors and seniors who are interested in exploring career options before graduating. This is an attractive opportunity for students who have completed required credits for graduation. These students can pursue a career area for wages while being compensated with additional high school credit. EACH student must receive administrative approval to participate.
Community Service
High School
½ credit/1 creditThe community service program is designed for students who are interested in devoting their time to volunteer organizations. The service program is in its truest sense a volunteer program of service. Students may choose from many civic organizations in our community to volunteer their time and efforts. This is an elective program, whereby High School students earn one (1) credit for 120 hours of volunteer service to the community/school service program to be performed during one/two school years. A ½ credit can be earned by serving 60 hours of volunteer service. This service may not be compensated through wages. Students are encouraged to enroll in this program and incorporate this into their high school portfolio.
Elementary/Middle School Peer Helper
Grades 11 – 12
1 creditThis opportunity is available to students wishing to assist our Golden Hill or middle school faculty and explore the area of elementary education. Students are excused during a portion of their school day to spend time at Golden Hill or in the middle school; helping with classroom management, tutoring those students needing assistance, and acting as a role model to our elementary and middle school students.
Work Release
Grades 10 – 12This program is a privileged opportunity for students who have a study hall eighth/ninth period and the following conditions exist:
- Students must maintain a monthly log of time and skills acquired.
- Students must be punctual to school and maintain positive school behavior.
- Academic work must be kept current.
- The student’s employment must be verified and approved by the school. Continued eligibility is contingent upon maintaining employment while school is in session.
Job Shadow
High School LevelThe Job Shadowing program allows students to explore a one-day visit at an occupation of their choosing. This experience allows the student exposure to a career in greater detail than afforded in the classroom. The student learns by observing or “shadowing” an adult mentor at the workplace. It is an ideal way for a student to receive exposure in a career area of interest. In addition, the experience acquaints the student with the requirements of various businesses and industries. Interested students need to fill out an application of intention. The Job Coordinator will guide the student through the entire process.
Art
The Art Program consists of courses that develop students’ creative ability and visual communication skills. Students will participate in hands-on art studio activities that explore the use of a wide variety of two-dimensional and three-dimensional art materials.
Art Education Course Descriptions
Studio in Art
Grades 9 – 12
1 creditThis course provides an introduction to the nature, function, and techniques of the visual arts in the present and in the past. The elements of art and the principles of design will be explored through various media. Emphasis is placed on learning to draw. Successful completion of this course will meet the one unit of credit graduation requirement in art. Studio in Art must be taken prior to Studio in Drawing & Painting and Independent Study in Art.
Studio in Drawing and Painting
Grades 10 – 12
1 creditPrerequisite:
- Studio in Art
This is an advanced course that may be elected after a student has completed Studio in Art and desires to participate in advanced study in the area of drawing and painting. The first section of the program introduces a foundation of exploratory experiences in drawing and painting. The remainder of the year is devoted to building a strong background in the student’s chosen area of concentration.
Creative Crafts
Grades 9 – 12
1 creditThis course is a year-long introduction to the fundamentals of three-dimensional design through the creation of crafts using various materials. Successful completion of Creative Crafts will meet the one unit of credit graduation requirement in art.
Independent Study in Art
Grades 11 – 12
1 creditThis course is for the gifted student who has successfully completed Studio in Art and Studio in Drawing and Painting. This is a highly specialized and individualized course for a student to explore an area of art in depth. Interested students must receive prior approval from the art teacher and school counselor.
Music
Music classes will develop an awareness, sensitivity and appreciation of a variety of music, teach skills in reading music, help acquire habits of concentrated listening, train students in vocal and instrumental performance, and contribute to the musical life of the school and community. Courses described here can be used to fulfill the one credit requirement for graduation in the arts.
Music Course Descriptions
Music Theory I*
Grades 10 – 12
1/2 creditPrerequisite:
- Chorus or Band, and/or teacher approval.
Music Theory I is a half-year course offering an exploration of the materials of music. It is designed to provide the student a thorough exposure to the notational vocabulary of music and further enhance their fluency with such materials through classroom practice in ear training. Central to the instructional strategy will be progressional mastery through the “Practical Beginning Theory” workbooks of Benward, Jackson and Jackson. Topics include: Clefs, key signatures, time signature, melodic and harmonic intervals, major scales, minor scales, note values, rhythm, composition techniques and styles.
Music Theory II*
Grades 10 – 12
1/2 creditPrerequisite:
- Successful completion of Music Theory 1 and/or teacher approval.
Music Theory II is a half-year course that would be the continuation of Music Theory A. This course would serve as a preparatory class for those students who may wish to major or minor in music in college. This class concentrates on part writing in two and four voices, harmonic analysis, harmonic progressions and advanced ear-training. This course might also offer projects in composition and performance.
*Music Theory I & II are offered at the AP Level when sufficient interest exists from qualified students.
Chorus
Grades 9 – 12
½ credit/1 creditChorus provides a cooperative group activity and develops individual talent. This course concentrates on proper vocal production and technique. It will improve listening skills and introduce classic and modern choral literature. Students are required to perform at the winter and spring concerts.
Band
Grades 9 – 12
½ credit /1 creditThis course provides a group activity in which pupils learn how to work cooperatively toward a common goal: the performance of music. The instructional program consists of sectional rehearsals, instruction of individual members, and full band rehearsals directed toward the technical advancement of the pupil’s musical skills. Students perform at the Pep Rally, Home Coming, the Winter Concert, the Spring Concert, and the graduation ceremonies in May and June. Students are expected to attend rotating pullout lessons.
Guitar
Grades 9-12
½ creditGuitar is a performance-based techniques class offering introductory experience in and opportunity for development and improvement of fundamental skills in guitar. Topics covered include: Basic guitar playing technique; tuning, instrument care and basic maintenance; learning note names on the guitar fretboard and how to find them; reading music notes, rests, music symbols and guitar tablature from the printed page; reading melodies, chords and scales; identifying different music forms, structures and styles; basic strumming and picking patterns/techniques; performing a mixture of different song styles (including traditional, pop, rock, folk and blues) as a soloist, with a partner, and as a group.
History of Rock and Roll
Grades 10-12
1 creditThis course explores the history of rock and roll from its beginning to the present.
Family and Consumer Science
Family and Consumer Science Course Descriptions
Clothing and Textile Core
Grades 9 – 12
½ credit, ½ Art creditPrerequisite:
- The successful completion of Home and Career Skills at the middle school level or prior permission from the teacher.
Students will explore clothing history, culture, design principles, equipment, construction and current issues of concern to the industry and society in general. This course will help students explore career opportunities in this field and help them develop skills needed for employment. Students will be taught using a hands-on, experiential approach in a laboratory setting.
Housing and Environment Core
Grades 9 – 12
½ credit, ½ Art creditPrerequisite:
- The successful completion of the Clothing & Textiles Core or prior permission from the teacher.
This course is designed to make students aware of the influence of history, culture, and environment, in their housing decisions. This course will help students explore career opportunities in this field and help them develop skills needed for employment. Students will be taught using a hands-on, experiential approach in a laboratory setting. Housing and Environment Core combined with Clothing and Textiles Core is an approved substitution for the Fine Arts graduation requirement for any student.
Food and Nutrition Core
Grades 9 – 12
½ creditPrerequisite:
The successful completion of Home and Career Skills at the middle school level or prior permission from the teacher.
Students will develop skills needed to select, prepare, and serve food which meets nutritional needs of individuals and families. This course will help students explore career opportunities in this field and help them develop skills needed for employment. Students will be taught using a hands-on, experiential approach in a laboratory setting.
Global and Gourmet Foods
Grades 9 – 12
½ creditPrerequisite:
- The successful completion Food & Nutrition Core course or prior permission from the teacher
Students will learn how to prepare and present a variety of gourmet foods as well as learn how to use specialized equipment. This course will help students explore career opportunities in this field and help them develop skills needed for employment. Students will be taught using a hands-on, experiential approach in a laboratory setting.
Food Science
Grades 9 – 12
1 creditFood Science is designed to reinforce and enhance the student’s knowledge of scientific principles and processes through the study of foods and nutrition. An in-depth understanding of science as it applies to foods will assist students with interest in career and technical education, to understand the food industry as well as food preparation in their daily lives. Students will be involved in hands-on laboratory activities which verify the scientific concepts presented.
Other Programs and Services
Board of Cooperative Educational Services
The C-Tech Center is a countywide school, supported by all school districts in Orange County, designed to provide students an opportunity to learn a definite skill while still in high school. Upon completion of a program of study, students are prepared for either immediate employment or further education.
Students accepted in this program attend high school for one-half day and the Career and Technical program for the other half.
The courses offered at BOCES are listed below. Information about individual courses is available in the Guidance Office.
Vocational Offerings
- Appearance Careers Academy
- Business Computer Careers Academy
- Education Careers Academy
- Construction Careers Academy
- Culinary Careers Academy
- Engineering Careers Academy
- Environmental Careers Academy
- Health Careers Academy
- Security Careers Academy
- Transportation Careers Academy
- Visual Arts Academy
Special Education
Students identified and placed by the Florida Union Free School District Committee on Special Education receive educational support through special classes, skills classes, and/or the consulting teacher model program. For further information regarding these programs, please contact the Office of Special Services at 651-3095 ext. 40100.
Academic Intervention Services
This service is provided to students who fall below reference/performance points in the standardized New York State Testing Program. The purposes of these classes include helping students attain an appropriate level of achievement in basic skills in reading, writing, math and other subject oriented areas so that they are able to achieve proficiency in their core content classes. AIS services are mandated for those students who do not progress toward graduation, as outlined by NYSED.
Media Center
The goal of the media center program is twofold: to provide the means, materials and tools for research, and to facilitate in the acquisition of the skills necessary to do this research at the levels appropriate for each grade. The ability to apply these skills in the pursuit of further education or future employment is a further goal of the library program. The ultimate goal is to develop the ability to do original independent research as well as to use the necessary thinking skills to accomplish this.
Available Resources
The resources of the media center include: books for general circulation and reference, periodicals, and audio/visual hardware and software. Students have access to the Internet, online databases, the Public Access Catalog (PAC), video conferencing equipment and educational web-casts.
The media center staff offers a full range of educational services to students and faculty. Such services include library instruction, reference assistance, access to the BOCES film library, loan of materials available through the BOCES school library system, and the preparation of bibliographies.